{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:25:05Z","timestamp":1778891105109,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Addressing cachexia in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients is an urgent issue in Japan, the most aged country in the world. We investigated the possible relationships between cachexia and, metalloproteinases and haemodynamics assessed by the cardiac catheterization. We also clarified the prognostic value of cardiac cachexia in the Japanese CHF population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 370 participants (median age, 69\u00a0years; 35% women) were included. The haemodynamic effects of cachexia were analysed by right heart catheterization. The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP), as myocardial collagen turnover markers, were also assessed. Cachexia was present in 88 patients (31%). Overall, 59 patients (16%) had all\u2010cause death. Serum MMP\u20102 and TIMP\u20102 levels were higher in cachectic patients than in noncachectic patients (797.5 [649.0\u20101066.8] vs 610.0 [461.8\u2010756.8] ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004 and 39.0 [28.0\u201049.0] vs 24.0 [19.0\u201037.0] ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008, respectively). Cachectic patients had greater values of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (161.9 [119.4\u2010225.4] vs 127.8 [90.7\u2010164.8] dynes\/sec\/cm<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.020). Kaplan\u2010Meier survival analysis demonstrated higher probabilities of all\u2010cause death in the cachexia group (log\u2010rank <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.010). Cox proportional hazards modelling showed cachexia was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.06\u20103.37; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.029). The random forest model showed that C\u2010reactive protein, age, haemoglobin, PVR and MMP\u20102 were predictors of cardiac cachexia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cachexia, applying the globally accepted definition, was associated with adverse outcomes in the Japanese CHF population and accompanied by increased activity of MMP species and PVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:44:25Z","timestamp":1603845865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations between cachexia and metalloproteinases, haemodynamics and mortality in heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7225-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Morishita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji\u2010cho Japan"},{"name":"Department Cardiovascular Medicine National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital Awara City Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Uzui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji\u2010cho Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji\u2010cho Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Mitsuke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji\u2010cho Japan"},{"name":"Department Cardiovascular Medicine National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital Awara City Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji\u2010cho 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