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MAFLD is closely intertwined with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, all linked to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Since controversy still stands on whether or not NAFLD\/MAFLD raises the odds of CVD, the present review aims to evaluate the impact of NAFLD\/MAFLD aetiologies on CV health and the potential correction by dietary and drug approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD raises risk of fatal or non\u2010fatal CVD events. NAFLD patients have a higher prevalence of arterial plaques and stiffness, coronary calcification, and endothelial dysfunction. Although genetic and environmental factors strongly contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis, a Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that the <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> genetic variant leading to NAFLD may not be causally associated with CVD risk. Among other genetic variants related to NAFLD, <jats:italic>TM6SF2<\/jats:italic> appears to be protective, whereas <jats:italic>MBOAT7<\/jats:italic> may favour venous thromboembolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAFLD is correlated to a higher CVD risk which may be ameliorated by dietary interventions. This is not surprising, since new criteria defining MAFLD include other metabolic risk abnormalities fuelling development of serious adverse extrahepatic outcomes, for example CVD. The present lack of a targeted pharmacological approach makes the identification of patients with liver disease at higher CVD risk (<jats:italic>eg<\/jats:italic> diabetes, hypertension, obesity or high levels of C\u2010reactive protein) of major clinical interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T14:45:50Z","timestamp":1613313950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Dongiovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"},{"name":"Multimedica IRCCS Sesto San Giovanni (MI) Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare R.","family":"Sirtori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0195-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Ruscica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319895402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"NAFLD, and cardiovascular and cardiac diseases: Factors influencing risk, prediction and treatment","volume":"101215","author":"Targher G","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Redefining fatty liver disease: an international patient perspective. 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