{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:09:46Z","timestamp":1787242186364,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In clinical practice, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is treated as a homogenous disease but emerging evidence suggests that the diagnosis of GDM possibly comprises different metabolic entities. In this study, we aimed to assess early pregnancy characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus entities classified according to the presence of fasting and\/or post\u2010load hyperglycaemia in the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test performed at mid\u2010gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, 1087 pregnant women received a broad risk evaluation and laboratory examination at early gestation and were later classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT), as having isolated fasting hyperglycaemia (GDM\u2010IFH), isolated post\u2010load hyperglycaemia (GDM\u2010IPH) or combined hyperglycaemia (GDM\u2010CH) according to oral glucose tolerance test results. Participants were followed up until delivery to assess data on pharmacotherapy and pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women affected by elevated fasting and post\u2010load glucose concentrations (GDM\u2010CH) showed adverse metabolic profiles already at beginning of pregnancy including a higher degree of insulin resistance as compared to women with normal glucose tolerance and those with isolated defects (especially GDM\u2010IPH). The GDM\u2010IPH subgroup had lower body mass index at early gestation and required glucose\u2010lowering medications less often (28.9%) as compared to GDM\u2010IFH (47.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.019) and GDM\u2010CH (54.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.005). No differences were observed in pregnancy outcome data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with fasting hyperglycaemia, especially those with combined hyperglycaemia, showed an unfavourable metabolic phenotype already at early gestation. Therefore, categorization based on abnormal oral glucose tolerance test values provides a practicable basis for clinical risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T04:53:25Z","timestamp":1623560005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Characteristics of gestational diabetes subtypes classified by oral glucose tolerance test values"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Grammata","family":"Kotzaeridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bl\u00e4tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna 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