{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:04:40Z","timestamp":1772791480585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A major issue in evaluating the cognitive status of ageing populations is a clear distinction between enduring and dynamic aspects of global cognition necessary for evaluating risks of dementia and effectiveness of preventive interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Generalizability Theory was applied to investigate dynamic and enduring aspects of global cognition using longitudinal data over 10\u00a0years of follow\u2010up. Measures included the Mini\u2010Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status\u2010modified (TICS\u2010M). The sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0238) included 154 females, mean age\u00a0=\u00a076.54\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a03.94 from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MMSE measured dynamic and enduring aspects of cognition to a comparable degree with 56% of variance explained by enduring aspects and 44% by dynamic aspects and showed low sensitivity\/high specificity in detecting dementia. A shortened version of the MMSE (MMSE\u2010D8) better captured dynamic aspects of cognition after removing three items less sensitive to change. The TICS\u2010M predominantly measured enduring aspects of cognition (72%) with the remaining 28% due to dynamic aspects and displayed high sensitivity\/high specificity for dementia screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MMSE measures both dynamic and enduring cognitive aspects and is suitable for general clinical assessments, while the MMSE\u2010D8 can be used to monitor transitory changes of global cognition over time. The TICS\u2010M is more useful for measuring enduring features of cognition and screening for dementia. Our findings highlight the value of generalizability theory to distinguish dynamic and enduring features of cognition, which may contribute to preventive interventions and monitoring cognitive ability over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T08:24:34Z","timestamp":1631780674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical investigation of dynamic and enduring aspects of global cognition in aged population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Quoc C.","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh City Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Numbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Merkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Precise Psychiatry and Neurosciences Kaufbeuren Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Brodaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Kochan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perminder S.","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valery. 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