{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T18:49:02Z","timestamp":1778352542951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although gout is one of the most common rheumatic diseases, world data are lacking because most studies have focused on industrialized countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the global burden of gout and its associations with the year of diagnosis, age, geographical region, sociodemographic status and various further risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) were used, initially collected between 1990 and 2019. Raw numbers and age\u2010standardized rates (per 100,000 persons) of prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of gout were extracted from GBD 2019 for 204 countries and territories and stratified by sex, age, year, sociodemographic index and geographic region. Correlations between gout and other chronic diseases were identified, and the burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and kidney dysfunction was described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total number of patients and gout age\u2010standardized prevalence rate increased between 1990 and 2019. Gout was most prevalent in Australasia and high\u2010income North America, and a higher sociodemographic index (SDI) was associated with higher age\u2010standardized prevalence, incidence and YLDs. High BMI and kidney dysfunction were risk factors for gout, while gout was correlated with other kidney diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global prevalence of gout, as well as incidence, and YLDs increased worldwide from 1990 to 2019 and had a significant association with sex, age, geographic region, SDI and risk factors. Understanding the complex interplay of environmental, sociodemographic and geographic risk factors is essential in mitigating the ever\u2010rising disease burden of gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T14:57:12Z","timestamp":1670943432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Global burden of gout in 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Yeon Jae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seoyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5632-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalthoum","family":"Tizaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines  Montigny\u2010le\u2010Bretonneux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Philipps University of Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Dragioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Linkoping University  Linkoping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Radua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Stickley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST) S\u00f6dert\u00f6rn University  Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work University of Southern California  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-1820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2952"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591577006300233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.4.325"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"600","article-title":"The epidemiology of hyperuricemia","volume":"20","author":"Healy L","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker361"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0870-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.7.742"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21824"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21791"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/23.4.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470210072035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-020-00901-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-00710-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.105015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320"},{"issue":"10159","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"1684","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age\u2010sex\u2010specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950\u20102017","volume":"392","author":"Monasta L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008953201688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.33911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1362-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8"},{"issue":"1311","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Overweight and obesity prevalence among adult Pacific peoples and Europeans in the diabetes heart and health study (DHAHS) 2002\u20132003, Auckland New Zealand","volume":"123","author":"Sundborn G","year":"2010","journal-title":"NZ Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46843-3_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15257771003738709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.21688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60813-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.109.934455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq412"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61343-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20262"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","first-page":"2379","article-title":"The value and limitations of the body mass index (BMI) in the assessment of the health risks of overweight and obesity","volume":"148","author":"Kok P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3586F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/44.6.996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-015-0495-2"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eci.13937","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eci.13937","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eci.13937","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:15:55Z","timestamp":1692663355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eci.13937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eci.13937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13937","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2972","1365-2362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2972","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13937"}}