{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:53:08Z","timestamp":1787237588410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL) presents atheroprotective functions not readily reflected by plasma HDL\u2010cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to investigate HDL antioxidant function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This pilot and cross\u2010sectional study included 50 RA patients and 50 controls matched by age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors and drug therapy. The antioxidant capacity of HDL was assessed by the total radical\u2010trapping antioxidative potential test (TRAP\u2010assay) and the susceptibility of low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation by the Conjugated Dienes Assay (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). A carotid ultrasound was performed in all participants to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010density lipoprotein from RA patients showed lower antioxidant capacity than those from controls [oxidized\u2010LDL%: 35.8 (27\u201342) vs. 24.4 (20\u201332),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001] when analysed with the TRAP\u2010assay. In addition, the time to achieve 50% of maximal LDL oxidation (Lag\u2010time) was shorter in RA\u2010patients than in matched controls [57.2 (42\u201371) vs. 69.5 (55\u201375) minutes, (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003)]. RA patients showed a higher atherosclerotic burden than controls. The pro\u2010oxidant pattern in RA was irrespective of the presence of carotid atherosclerosis. On the contrary, there was a positive correlation between inflammatory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ultrasensitive C\u2010reactive protein and fibrinogen) and the loss of HDL\u2010anti\u2010oxidant capacity measured by the TRAP\u2010assay (rho\u2009=\u2009.211,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.035; rho\u2009=\u2009.231,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.021 and rho\u2009=\u2009.206,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.041, respectively). Furthermore, the glucocorticoid dose at recruitment was negatively associated with the Lag\u2010time in RA patients (rho\u2009=\u2009\u2212.387,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.026).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis patients present reduced HDL antioxidant capacity and a lower resistance of LDL particles to oxidation, mainly related to the degree of inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T11:31:31Z","timestamp":1680175891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dysfunctional antioxidant capacity of high\u2010density lipoprotein in rheumatoid 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