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Scarce information, however, is available about the combined effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometric and metabolic indices, gastrointestinal symptoms, and motility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 21 healthy Muslims, we assessed the impact of RIF on caloric intake, physical activity, gastrointestinal symptoms and motility (gastric\/gallbladder emptying by ultrasonography, orocaecal transit time by lactulose breath test), anthropometric indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness (ultrasonography), glucose and lipid homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean caloric intake decreased from a median of 2069\u2009kcal (range 1677\u20132641) before Ramadan to 1798\u2009kcal (1289\u20133126) during Ramadan and increased again to 2000\u2009kcal (1309\u20133485) after Ramadan. Although physical activity remained stable before, during, and after RIF, body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in all subjects and in both genders, together with a significant decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness and insulin resistance. The postprandial gastric emptying speed was significantly faster after than before RIF. Fasting gallbladder volume was about 6% smaller after, than before Ramadan, with a stronger and faster postprandial gallbladder contraction. After RIF, lactulose breath test documented increased microbiota carbohydrate fermentation (postprandial H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak), and faster orocaecal transit time. RIF also significantly improved gastric fullness, epigastric pain and heartburn.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RIF generates, in healthy subjects, multiple systemic beneficial effects in terms of fat burden, metabolic profile, gastrointestinal motility and symptoms. Further comprehensive studies should assess the potential beneficial effects of RIF in diseased people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T05:55:02Z","timestamp":1684475702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Hala","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre\u2010J), Clinica Medica \u201cA. Murri\u201d University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d Medical School  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre\u2010J), Clinica Medica \u201cA. Murri\u201d University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d Medical School  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Farella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre\u2010J), Clinica Medica \u201cA. Murri\u201d University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d Medical School  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerlin Stephy","family":"JohnBritto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre\u2010J), Clinica Medica \u201cA. 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