{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:30:28Z","timestamp":1789129828048,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2021206205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2021206205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The causal relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events is still unclear, and the conclusions of current studies are inconsistent. We aimed to explore the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events with the Mendelian randomization study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected normal\u2010to\u2010normal inter\u2010beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences of inter\u2010beat intervals (RMSSD) and peak\u2010valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia or high\u2010frequency power (pvRSA\/HF) as the three sets of instrumental variables for heart rate variability. The outcome for cardiovascular diseases included essential hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, nonischemic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Cardiac arrest, cardiac death and major coronary heart disease event were defined as the related events of cardiovascular diseases. The data for exposures and outcomes were derived from publicly available genome\u2010wide association studies. Inverse variance weighted was used for the main causal estimation. Analyses of heterogeneity and pleiotropy were conducted using the Cochran <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> test of Inverse variance weighted and MR\u2010Egger, leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis, and MR\u2010Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted pvRSA\/HF was associated with the increased risk of cardiac arrest (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.25\u20133.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004). The results were free of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. There were no outliers and the leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis proved that the results were reliable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides genetic evidence that pvRSA\/HF is causally related to cardiac arrest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T07:22:07Z","timestamp":1693293727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang 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