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Standard lipid measurements were analysed on an Architect C8000 Analyzer (Abbott Laboratories SA). Lipoprotein analysis was made by an advanced <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010NMR lipoprotein test (Liposcale\u00ae). Participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter &lt;10\u2009\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), &lt;2.5\u2009\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), corresponding to the health examination year, obtained by modelling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry\u2010transport model).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In multivariate linear regression models, each IQR increase in PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was associated with 3.3%, 3.3% and 3% lower levels of HDL\u2010c and 1.3%, 1.4% and 1.1% lower HDL particle (HDL\u2010p) concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 for all associations). In multivariate logistic regression, there was a significant association between PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations and the odds of presenting low HDL\u2010c (&lt;40\u2009mg\/dL), low HDL\u2010p (&lt;p25) and higher LDL particle (LDL\u2010p) concentrations (\u2265p75). In subgroup analyses there were stronger associations between PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and low HDL\u2010p in men (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction .008 and .034), and between NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and low HDL\u2010p in individuals with obesity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction .015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study shows an association between the exposure to air pollutants and blood lipids in the general population of Spain, suggesting a link to atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T19:56:12Z","timestamp":1696535772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between exposure to air pollution and blood lipids in the general population of Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8623-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga\/Universidad de M\u00e1laga Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedica de M\u00e1laga\u2010IBIMA  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0178-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viyey","family":"Doulatram\u2010Gamgaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga\/Universidad de M\u00e1laga Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedica de 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