{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:32Z","timestamp":1787014112393,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR21H020001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR21H020001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mendelian randomization analysis was applied to elucidate the causal relationship between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and common cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We choose BMR as exposure. BMR is the metabolic rate of the body when the basic physiological activities (blood circulation, breathing and constant body temperature) are maintained. The normal BMR is 1507\u2009kcal\/day for men and 1276\u2009kcal\/day for women. The dataset was drawn from the public GWAS dataset (GWAS ID: ukb\u2010a\u2010268), collected and analysed by UK biobank, containing 331,307 European males and females. SNPs independently and strongly associated with BMR were used as instrumental variables in the inverse variance weighted analysis. MR\u2010Egger, weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier methods were also performed, and the sensitivity was evaluated using horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity analyses to ensure the stability of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An increased BMR is associated with a higher risk of cardiomyopathy (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.00, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57\u20132.54,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.87\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), heart failure (OR\u2009=\u20091.39, 95% CI, 1.27\u20132.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u221213<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and valvular heart disease (OR\u2009=\u20091.18, 95% CI, 1.10\u20131.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.00001). However, there was no clear association between BMR and the subtypes of other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary disease (OR\u2009=\u2009.96, 95% CI, .85\u20131.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.48651) and atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR\u2009=\u20091.85, 95% CI, 1.70\u20132.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.28\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u221244<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study reveals a possible causal effect of BMR on the risk of cardiomyopathy, heart failure and valvular disease, but not for coronary disease and AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  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