{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:20:33Z","timestamp":1785450033635,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) experience a high incidence of progression to heart failure (HF) despite current therapies. We speculated that steroid hormone metabolic disorders distinct adverse phenotypes and contribute to HF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured 18 steroids using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in 2023 patients from the Registry Study of Biomarkers in Ischemic Heart Disease (BIOMS\u2010IHD), including 1091 patients with IHD in a retrospective discovery set and 932 patients with IHD in a multicentre validation set. Our outcomes included incident HF after a median follow\u2010up of 4\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated steroid\u2010based signatures of inflammation, coronary microvascular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy that were associated with subsequent HF events in patients with IHD. In both cohorts, patients with a high steroid\u2013heart failure score (SHFS) (&gt;1) exhibited a greater risk of incident HF than patients with a low SHFS (\u22641). The SHFS further improved the prognostic accuracy beyond clinical variables (net reclassification improvement of 0.628 in the discovery set and 0.299 in the validation set) and demonstrated the maximal effect of steroid signatures in patients with IHD who had lower B\u2010type natriuretic peptide levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.038).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A steroid\u2010based strategy can simply and effectively identify individuals at higher HF risk who may derive benefit from more intensive follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T12:05:24Z","timestamp":1705061124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Abnormal circulating steroids refine risk of progression to heart failure in ischemic heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yangkai","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hypertension The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling\u2010Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000039105.49749.6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2016.0429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313568"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.113.000172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01686-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01688-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202200130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0033-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.113.01251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12385-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0315-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-022-00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2014.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci134485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.018226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.13862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-016-9591-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.104.508465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.114.011939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.Cir.0000142856.56565.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.120.314508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0406-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_80_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.31099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.816404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.868513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-005-2344-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr129"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eci.14156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T04:31:25Z","timestamp":1726720285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eci.14156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eci.14156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.14156","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2972","1365-2362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2972","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14156"}}