{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:24:32Z","timestamp":1773663872618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disturbances in habitual sleep have been associated with multiple age\u2010associated diseases. However, the biological mechanisms underpinning these associations remain largely unclear. We assessed the possible involvement of the circulating immune system by determining the associations between sleep traits and white blood cell counts using multivariable\u2010adjusted linear regression and Mendelian randomization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional multivariable\u2010adjusted linear regression analyses were done using participants within the normal range of total white blood cell counts (&gt;4.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> and &lt;11.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL) from UK Biobank. For the sleep traits, we examined (short and long) sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia symptoms and daytime dozing. Two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization analyses were done using instruments for sleep traits derived from European\u2010ancestry participants from UK Biobank (over 410,000 participants) and using SNP\u2010outcome data derived from European\u2010ancestry participants from the Blood Cell Consortium (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009563,946) to which no data from UK Biobank contributed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from 357,656 participants (mean [standard deviation] age: 56.5 [8.1] years, and 44.4% men), we did not find evidence that disturbances in any of the studied sleep traits were associated with differences in blood cell counts (total, lymphocytes, neutrophiles, eosinophiles and basophiles). Also, we did not find associations between disturbances in any of the studied sleep traits and white blood cell counts using Mendelian Randomization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the results from two different methodologies, disturbances in habitual sleep are unlikely to cause changes in blood cell counts and thereby differences in blood cell counts are unlikely to be underlying the observed sleep\u2010disease associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T07:14:59Z","timestamp":1709363699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["No evidence linking sleep traits with white blood cell counts: Multivariable\u2010adjusted and Mendelian randomization analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7801-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Noordam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linjun","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmijn F.","family":"Stroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ko","family":"Willems\u00a0van\u00a0Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8526-7748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"van Heemst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the 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