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Beyond its well\u2010known effects, novel tissue\u2010specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole\u2010body gluco\u2010insulinemic sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed\u2010based search with the following terms \u2018prolactin\u2019, \u2018glucose metabolism\u2019, \u2018type 2 diabetes mellitus\u2019, \u2018type 1 diabetes mellitus\u2019, \u2018gestational diabetes mellitus\u2019 was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identification of the <jats:italic>PRL\u2010glucose metabolism network<\/jats:italic> poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A careful evaluation and context\u2010driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL\u2010secreting pituitary adenomas, drug\u2010related hyper\u2010 and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T11:55:06Z","timestamp":1710244506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes 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