{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T21:02:25Z","timestamp":1774818145046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aims to clarify the prevalence and prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency in HFmrEF has not yet been clarified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients with HFmrEF were retrospectively included at one institution from 2016 to 2022. Patients with anaemia (i.e. haemoglobin &lt;13\u2009g\/dL in males and\u2009&lt;\u200912\u2009g\/dL in females) were compared to patients without, respectively patients with or without iron deficiency. The primary endpoint was all\u2010cause mortality at 30\u2009months (median follow\u2010up), secondary endpoints comprised HF\u2010related rehospitalisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two thousand one hundred and fifty four patients with HFmrEF with a median haemoglobin level of 12.2\u2009g\/dL were included. Anaemia was present in 52% of patients with HFmrEF and associated with a higher risk of all\u2010cause mortality (44% vs. 18%; HR\u2009=\u20093.021; 95% CI 2.552\u20133.576; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=.001) and HF\u2010related rehospitalisation (18% vs. 8%; HR\u2009=\u20092.351; 95% CI 1.819\u20133.040; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=.001) at 30\u2009months, which was confirmed after multivariable adjustment. Although iron status was infrequently assessed in anaemics with HFmrEF (27%), the presence of iron deficiency was associated with higher risk of rehospitalisation for worsening HF (25% vs. 15%; HR\u2009=\u20091.746; 95% CI 1.024\u20132.976; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=.038), but not all\u2010cause mortality (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=.279) at 30\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaemia and iron deficiency are very common in atleast half of patients with HFmrEF and independently associated with adverse long\u2010term prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T10:58:30Z","timestamp":1712746710000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of anaemia and iron deficiency in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection 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Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Kittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bertsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital Paracelsus Medical University  Nuremberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Behnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology, 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