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To date, there are no studies on British populations. The SF\u2010MetS association might be U\/J\u2010shaped. We evaluated whether SF was independently associated with MetS (harmonized definition) in people from Shetland, Scotland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed cross\u2010sectional data from the Viking Health Study\u2010Shetland (589 premenopausal women [PreMW], 625 postmenopausal women [PostW] and 832 men). Logistic regressions using two approaches, one with the lowest sex and menopausal status\u2010specific ferritin quartile (Q) as the reference and other using the middle two quartiles combined (2\u20133) as the reference, were conducted to estimate the SF\u2010MetS association. The shape of the association was verified via cubic spline analyses. The associations were adjusted for age, inflammatory and hepatic injury markers, alcohol intake, smoking and BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of MetS was 18.3%. Among PostMW both low and high SF were associated with MetS (fully adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval] compared to the middle two quartiles combined were: 1.99 [1.17\u20133.38] <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=.011 for Q1 and 2.10 [1.27\u20133.49] <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=.004 for Q4) This <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010shaped pattern was confirmed in the cubic spline analysis in PostMW with a ferritin range of 15\u2013200 ug\/L. In men, a positive association between ferritin quartiles with Q1 as the reference, did not remain significant after adjustment for BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extreme quartiles of iron status were positively associated with MetS in PostMW, while no SF\u2010MetS associations were found in men or PreMW. The ferritin\u2010MetS association pattern differs between populations and U\/J\u2010shaped associations may exist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T13:18:59Z","timestamp":1725628739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Both low and high body iron stores relate to metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: Findings from the VIKING Health Study\u2010Shetland (VIKING I)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Milton Fabian","family":"Su\u00e1rez\u2010Orteg\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Alimentaci\u00f3n y Nutrici\u00f3n Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali  Cali Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stela","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7442-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Girona (IDIBGI\u2010CERCA)  Girona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Girona  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research Usher Institute  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-013-0358-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28237707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318217e172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-3082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47436-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Anthropometric standardization reference manual","author":"Lohman TG","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum Kinet Books"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(72)90027-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-198600140-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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