{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T21:14:44Z","timestamp":1770498884162,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of medications by emergency medical services (EMS) is increasing. Conventional scores are time\u2010consuming and therefore difficult to use in an emergency setting. For early decision\u2010making, an easy\u2010to\u2010use score based on the medications administered by the EMS may have prognostic value. The primary objective of this study was to develop the prehospital drug\u2010derived score (PDDS) for 2\u2010day mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, multicenter, ambulance\u2010based cohort study was conducted in adults with undifferentiated acute diseases treated by EMS and transferred to the emergency department. Demographic data, prehospital diagnosis data, prehospital medication and variables for the calculation of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS) were collected. The PDDS was developed and validated, establishing three levels of risk of 2\u2010day mortality. The predictive capability of each score was determined by the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and compared using the Delong's test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 6401 patients were included. The PDDS included age and the use of norepinephrine, analgesics, neuromuscular blocking agents, diuretics, antihypertensive agents, tranexamic acid, and bicarbonate. The AUROC of PDDS was .86 (95% CI: .816\u2013.903) versus NEWS2 .866 (95% CI: .822\u2013.911), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.828; versus REMS .885 (95% CI: .845\u2013.924), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.311; versus RAPS .886 (95% CI: .846\u2013.926), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.335, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The newly developed easy\u2010to\u2010use prehospital drug\u2010derived PDDS score has an excellent predictive value of early mortality. The PDDS score was comparable to the conventional risk scores and therefore might serve as an alternative score in the prehospital emergency setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T11:12:12Z","timestamp":1728299532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A newly developed, easy\u2010to\u2010use prehospital drug\u2010derived score compared with three conventional scores: A prospective multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Jurado\u2010Palomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Prado  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla la Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-2323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Martin\u2010Conty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla la Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Technological Innovation Applied to Health Research Group (ITAS Group), Faculty of Health Sciences University of de Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de Cuidados de Salud (ECUSAL) Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla\u2010La Mancha (IDISCAM)  Talavera de la Reina Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Polonio\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla la Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Technological Innovation Applied to Health Research Group (ITAS Group), Faculty of Health Sciences University of de Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de Cuidados de Salud (ECUSAL) Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla\u2010La Mancha (IDISCAM)  Talavera de la Reina Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Bernal\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla la Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Technological Innovation Applied to Health Research Group (ITAS Group), Faculty of Health Sciences University of de Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Conty\u2010Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Toledo Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Dileone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Prado  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla la Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Castro Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Valladolid  Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"del Pozo Vegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Valladolid  Valladolid Spain"},{"name":"Emergency Department Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario. Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Le\u00f3n  Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Valladolid  Valladolid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Emergency Department Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Le\u00f3n  Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7031-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Rivera\u2010Pic\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla la Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"},{"name":"Technological Innovation Applied to Health Research Group (ITAS Group), Faculty of Health Sciences University of de Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Talavera de la Reina Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prehospital Critical Care, Emergency Medical Services. 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