{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:53:55Z","timestamp":1784051635332,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015048","name":"Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) confer a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. These entities frequently coincide. The separate and joint impact of CKD and T2DM on the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and survival is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease were investigated according to their CKD and T2DM status (T2DM\u2212\/CKD\u2212, T2DM+\/CKD\u2212, T2DM\u2212\/CKD+, T2DM+\/CKD+) and followed for up to 18\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1441 patients were included in the study of whom 39% experienced MACE (T2DM\u2212\/CKD\u2212: 31%, T2DM+\/CKD\u2212: 43%, T2DM\u2212\/CKD+: 53%, T2DM+\/CKD+: 61%) and 53% died. A log\u2010rank test revealed significant differences between the event\u2010free time period of the four groups (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (3) =\u2009112.57, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The presence of T2DM and CKD was associated with a 2.72\u2010fold increase [1.98\u20133.73] in MACE compared to patients who suffered from neither condition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). T2DM alone led to a 1.37\u2010fold increase [1.1\u20131.7], (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), CKD alone to a 1.71\u2010fold increase [1.31\u20132.25], (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>T2DM and CKD in patients with coronary artery disease are mutually independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Patients with both CKD and T2DM are at an extremely high risk for cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T10:35:13Z","timestamp":1734690913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease as long\u2010term predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8152-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Schnetzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Leiherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Medical Central Laboratories  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Festa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"M\u00fcndlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Medical Central Laboratories  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Plattner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine I Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV\u2013Nephrology and Hypertension Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Saely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Medicine I Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Drexel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Vorarlberger Landeskrankenhausbetriebsgesellschaft  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01745-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60687-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2021.1953529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01867-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61350-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01575-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"UK Kidney Association (UKKA).The UK eCKD Guide (updated 2024). 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