{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:25:07Z","timestamp":1769775907973,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considerable research has been conducted in recent years on patients afflicted with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary disease (MINOCA), focussing on its prognosis, prevalence and predisposing risk factors. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of information regarding the baseline characteristics and outcomes of MINOCA patients with a history of smoking. This study endeavours to examine the in\u2010hospital complications and baseline characteristics of a presumed MINOCA cohort comprising individuals with a history of smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a total of 373 patients (85 current smokers and 283 non\u2010smokers), who exhibited elevated troponin levels but had no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease, were enrolled between 2010 and 2021. MINOCA patients had to fulfil the modified criteria for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on the \u2018Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction\u2019, including an up\u2010 or downregulated troponin level with at least one value exceeding the 99th percentile, along with clinical evidence of infarction (e.g. ischaemic ECG changes, myocardial damage or coronary thrombus). Additionally, patients with less than 50% stenosis of a major epicardial vessel without intervention and those with alternative diagnoses mimicking troponin\u2010positive nonobstructive coronary disease were excluded. It should be noted that there were five patients for whom data regarding smoking status were not available. The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of various in\u2010hospital events, including pulmonary oedema, invasive ventilation, cardiogenic shock, stroke, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, malignant cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular thrombus, thromboembolic events and in\u2010hospital mortality. Additionally, long\u2010term cardiovascular events were assessed over an 11\u2010year follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline demographics in smokers and non\u2010smokers showed notable differences in the prevalence of supraventricular arrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation (5.8% vs. 17.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.020), diabetes mellitus (DM) (10.5% vs. 19.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.051), kidney disease (9.3% vs. 15.9%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.075) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (18.6% vs. 10.8%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.057). The occurrence of in\u2010hospital cardiovascular events and mortality rates was found to be comparable between smokers and non\u2010smokers. However, non\u2010smokers experienced a higher incidence of long\u2010term cardiovascular events compared to smokers. A multivariable Cox analysis for long\u2010term outcomes indicated that individuals under the age of 50 who were smokers had a more favourable outcome. Nonetheless, the presence of DM, supraventricular tachycardia, pulmonary disease and neurological disease were all associated with a diminished long\u2010term prognosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the long\u2010term health outcomes for smokers are comparatively superior to those of non\u2010smokers, this contrast can be attributed to the increased incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities and the older age distribution within the non\u2010smoking population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T03:39:17Z","timestamp":1746675557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of smoking in\n                    <scp>MINOCA<\/scp>\n                    patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Hersh","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Institute f\u00fcr Forschung und Lehre (IFL) Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Schlettert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology University Hospital St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Materzok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology University Hospital St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muharrem","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology University Hospital St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4766-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abumayyaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Institute f\u00fcr Forschung und Lehre (IFL) Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology University Hospital St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assem","family":"Aweimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazha","family":"Hamdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Institute f\u00fcr Forschung und Lehre (IFL) Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology University Hospital St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"HCEMM\u2010SU Cardiovascular Comorbidities Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research &amp; Development Int\u00e9zet c\u00edme Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"El\u2010Battrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology University Hospital St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum 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