{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:19:08Z","timestamp":1792718348101,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune\u2010mediated inflammatory disorder of the oesophagus that has transformed from a rarely recognized condition to one of the most common causes of dysphagia and food impaction in children and young adults. This review provides a comprehensive, clinically oriented overview of EoE for the practicing clinician.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a narrative review focusing on systematic reviews, meta\u2010analyses, randomized controlled trials and international guidelines published through 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EoE pathogenesis involves genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, epithelial barrier dysfunction and type 2 immune activation. Diagnosis requires clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and histologic confirmation of \u226515 eosinophils per high\u2010power field. Treatment options include proton pump inhibitors (histologic remission ~45%), swallowed topical corticosteroids (~80%\u201393%), dietary elimination strategies (~60%) and dupilumab (~60%). Without treatment, EoE progresses from inflammatory to fibrostenotic disease, with stricture risk increasing approximately 5% per year of undiagnosed disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EoE management requires integration of clinical, endoscopic and histologic assessments. Current treatments effectively induce remission in most patients. Future priorities include developing non\u2010invasive monitoring tools and identifying predictors of treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.70192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:10:13Z","timestamp":1774678213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Eosinophilic esophagitis: From pathophysiology to diagnosis, monitoring and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9816-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Bertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG) University of Padua  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Sirinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and 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