{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:50:45Z","timestamp":1791435045293,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People living with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no structured prevention strategy for these subjects. The triglyceride\u2010glucose (TyG) index has shown predictive value for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the general population, but its utility in PWH remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study including 477 PWH without baseline T2DM. TyG index was calculated as follows: ln[fasting triglycerides (mg\/dL)\u2009\u00d7\u2009fasting glucose (mg\/dL)]\/2. ROC analysis was used to identify the optimal TyG threshold for T2DM, and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association with T2DM. The association between TyG index and CVEs was investigated using Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>477 PWH were included. Median age was 38\u2009years and 26% were women. During a median follow\u2010up of 14.2\u2009years, 38 participants developed T2DM and 45 experienced CVEs. The TyG index demonstrated fair discrimination for incident T2DM (AUC: 0.675, 95% CI 0.591\u20130.759), with an optimal threshold of 4.78. Participants with TyG \u2265\u20094.78 had a higher risk of developing T2DM (aOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.35\u20136.12). PWH in the highest TyG tertile had also higher risk for CVEs compared with those in the lowest tertile (aHR 3.31, 95% CI 1.10\u20139.97).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PWH, a higher TyG index was independently associated with an increased risk of both T2DM and CVEs over long\u2010term follow\u2010up. The TyG index represents a practical, low\u2010cost tool for early metabolic risk stratification in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.70258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:02:04Z","timestamp":1788346924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Triglyceride\u2010Glucose (TyG) Index and Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV\u20101 Infection. A 14\u2010Year Observational Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Pastori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Localit\u00e0 Camerelle  Pozzilli Isernia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Gazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialty and Anesthesiology Paride Stefanini Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Brogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rivano Capparuccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine Endocrine\u2010Metabolic Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Fimiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine Endocrine\u2010Metabolic Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2855-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivano","family":"Mezzaroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine Sapienza University of Rome  Rome 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