{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:18:23Z","timestamp":1790979503451,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]],"date-time":"2013-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolution and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Organism size is controlled by interactions between genetic and environmental factors mediated by hormones with systemic and local effects. As changes in size are usually not isometric, a considerable diversity in shape can be generated through modifications in the patterns of ontogenetic allometry. In this study we evaluated the role of timing and dose of growth hormone (GH) release on growth and correlated shape changes in craniofacial bones. Using a longitudinal study design, we analyzed GH deficient mice treated with GH supplementation commencing pre\u2010 and post\u2010puberty. We obtained 3D in vivo micro\u2010CT images of the skull between 21 and 60 days of age and used geometric morphometrics to analyze size and shape changes among control and GH deficient treated and non\u2010treated mice. The variable levels of circulating GH altered the size and shape of the adult skull, and influenced the cranial base, vault, and face differently. While cranial base synchondroses and facial sutures were susceptible to either the direct or indirect effect of GH supplementation, its effect was negligible on the vault. Such different responses support the role of intrinsic growth trajectories of skeletal components in controlling the modifications induced by systemic factors. Contrary to the expected, the timing of GH treatment did not have an effect on catch\u2010up growth. GH levels also altered the ontogenetic trajectories by inducing changes in their location and extension in the shape space, indicating that differences arose before 21 days and were further accentuated by a truncation of the ontogenetic trajectories in GHD groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T02:24:51Z","timestamp":1362450291000},"page":"133-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects of growth hormone on the ontogenetic allometry of craniofacial bones"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paula N.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmentof Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6"},{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health Calgary, Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health Calgary, Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica Veterinaria IGEVET\u2010CONICET, La Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health Calgary, Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Morck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine Calgary, Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health Calgary, Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Hallgr\u00edmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmentof Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6"},{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health Calgary, Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health Calgary, Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Growth\u2010related hormones in great apes","volume":"40","author":"Bernstein R.M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. 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