{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:13:58Z","timestamp":1776474838294,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolution and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Variation in axial formulae (i.e., number and identity of vertebrae) is an important feature in the evolution of vertebrates. Vertebrae at different axial positions exhibit a region\u2010specific morphology. Key determinants for the establishment of particular vertebral shapes are the highly conserved\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. Here, we analyzed\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression in the presacral vertebral column in the Nile crocodile in order to complement and extend a previous examination in the alligator and thus establish a\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      code for the axial skeleton of crocodilians in general. The newly determined expression of\n                      <jats:italic>HoxA\u20104<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>C\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>B\u20107<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>B\u20108<\/jats:italic>\n                      all revealed a crocodilian\u2010specific pattern.\n                      <jats:italic>HoxA\u20104<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>HoxC\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                      characterize cervical morphologies and the latter furthermore is associated with the position of the forelimb relative to the axial skeleton.\n                      <jats:italic>HoxB\u20107<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>HoxB\u20108<\/jats:italic>\n                      map exclusively to the dorsal vertebral region. The resulting expression patterns of these two\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes is the first description of their exact expression in the archosaurian embryo. Our comparative analyses of the\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      code in several amniote taxa provide new evidence that evolutionary differences in the axial skeleton correspond to changes in\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression domains. We detect two general processes: (i) expansion of a\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene's expression domain as well as (ii) a shift of gene expression. We infer that the ancestral archosaur\n                      <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                      code may have resembled that of the crocodile. In association with the evolution of morphological traits, it may have been modified to patterns that can be observed in birds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T14:09:24Z","timestamp":1442326164000},"page":"258-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["New insights into the vertebral\n                    <i>Hox<\/i>\n                    code of archosaurs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"B\u00f6hmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department f\u00fcr Geo\u2010 und Umweltwissenschaften &amp; GeoBio\u2010Center, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Richard\u2010Wagner\u2010Str. 10, 80333 M\u00fcnchen Germany"},{"name":"SNSB \u2013 Bayerische Staatssammlung f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4ontologie und Geologie Richard\u2010Wagner\u2010Str. 10, 80333 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver W. M.","family":"Rauhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department f\u00fcr Geo\u2010 und Umweltwissenschaften &amp; GeoBio\u2010Center, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Richard\u2010Wagner\u2010Str. 10, 80333 M\u00fcnchen Germany"},{"name":"SNSB \u2013 Bayerische Staatssammlung f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4ontologie und Geologie Richard\u2010Wagner\u2010Str. 10, 80333 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"W\u00f6rheide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department f\u00fcr Geo\u2010 und Umweltwissenschaften &amp; GeoBio\u2010Center, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Richard\u2010Wagner\u2010Str. 10, 80333 M\u00fcnchen Germany"},{"name":"SNSB \u2013 Bayerische Staatssammlung f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4ontologie und Geologie Richard\u2010Wagner\u2010Str. 10, 80333 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Avian Anatomy","author":"Baumel J. 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