{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:02:56Z","timestamp":1790762576145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201007024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201007024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201005175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201005175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolution and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Reproductive division of labour is a key feature underlying the remarkable success of ants, where a reproductive queen caste and non\u2010reproductive worker caste develop from a totipotent egg or larva. The number of ovarioles that develop after the egg or larva is determined to be a queen or worker caste ultimately determines their reproductive potential. Yet since very early descriptions of ant larval ovaries made by Ezhikov (1923) and Brian (1950s), the developmental basis of ovariole number dimorphism in ants has received little attention. Here, we revisit their work in light of more recent knowledge from\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    , where terminal filaments (TFs) in the larval ovary determine ovariole number on a one\u2010to\u2010one basis. Ezhikov and Brian observed that queen and worker larval ovaries develop the same number of TFs, but in the worker caste, they \u2018bundle\u2019 together to form a single ovariole. Using in situ hybridisation chain reaction (HCR) on multiple queen and worker larval stages, we confirm this bundling process is present in two derived ant species with ovariole dimorphism, but is absent in a species that lacks it. Our findings therefore suggest that this terminal filament bundling reflects a mechanism evolved within ants to regulate differences in worker ovariole number between castes independently of overall number of terminal filaments. This work sheds fresh light on historical ant research and sets up future work investigating the origins and regulation of this putative mechanism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T17:57:33Z","timestamp":1786903053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Terminal Filament Bundling Underlies the Development of Ovariole Number Dimorphism Between Queen and Worker Ants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3561-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Lasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7651-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Abouheif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Center for Evolutionary &amp; Organismal Biology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2021.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.163394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3493193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02223033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02223434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0741-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso\u2010J\u00fanior C. A. M.G. J.Tib\u00e9rio M. C.Peruzzolo et al.2026. A Sterility\u2010Associated Long Noncoding RNA Involved in Honey Bee Caste Determination and Adult Queen and Worker Fertility Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 123 no.8:e2527882123.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2527882123.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2527882123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32388\/OJQC0N"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.165753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.060511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10741590"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"\u00dcber den Charakter der Variabilit\u00e4t der Ameisenovarien (On the Nature of Ovarian Variability in Ants)","volume":"3","author":"Ezhikov I.","year":"1923","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.093773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2020.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-017-0548-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004270050186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.2000.tb00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807351105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051240203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/entom.gen\/19\/1994\/009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2406999121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.179960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2025.100930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25849\/myrmecol.news_021:117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00001724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-022-01884-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","volume-title":"Evolution of Cooperative Systems Through Changes in Germline Specification","author":"Rajakumar A.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"Germ\u2010Soma Differentiation in a Superorganism: A Developmental and Phylogenetic Study of Queen and Worker Ovariole Number in Ants","author":"Ramsay C.","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32979-6_173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"Advances in the Study of Behavior","author":"Ronai I.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.330464.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpaf250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02223154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msag117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.159178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009489"}],"container-title":["Evolution &amp; 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