{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:52:06Z","timestamp":1785423126974,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many character traits are influenced by birth order with greatest differences between first and lastborns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the influence of birth order on the risk of dental trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five hundred mothers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>witzerland were interviewed personally regarding dental trauma in their children. Inclusion criteria were a family size of at least two children. Data of 1282 children were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two percent of the children had sustained one or more dental trauma before the age of 16 (57% male, 43% female). In children who had sustained dental trauma twice, the gender ratio moved to 68% male and 32% female (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Regarding birth order, lastborns sustained more second dental traumas. Relative risk of second dental trauma was 2.1 times higher in lastborns than in firstborns (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Moreover, certain character traits in children are influenced by birth order. According to their mothers, lastborns were more curious, less calm and less deliberate than firstborns (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Second born without younger siblings were more athletic\/active than firstborns (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011). Athletic\/active children as well as not calm\/deliberate children sustained second dental trauma more often than not athletic\/active (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038) and calm\/deliberate children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birth order is a risk factor for sustaining dental trauma twice. Character traits of lastborns (curious, not calm\/deliberate and aggressive) could be reasons for higher risk of dental trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T04:32:17Z","timestamp":1378182737000},"page":"118-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Birth order \u2013 a risk factor for dental trauma?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"K\u00e4ch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine Centre of Dental Traumatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Krastl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology Centre of Dental Traumatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola U.","family":"Zitzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology Centre of Dental Traumatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine Centre of Dental Traumatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine Centre of Dental Traumatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Born 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