{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:06:39Z","timestamp":1780581999763,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modified electroconvulsive therapy (m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>) is a treatment for mental disease such as depressive disorder. Although a muscle relaxant is used during current application, strong occlusion occurs due to the proximity of the electrode to the temporal and masseter muscles. Although a feedback mechanism to avoid excessive occlusion occurs unconsciously, the mechanism does not work under general anesthesia. Strong occlusion may cause complications such as tooth injury, pain of the jaw, lip laceration, and bleeding of the gums. Although there was a report that the insertion of shock\u2010absorbing materials such as gauze reduces complications, there has been no study on the effectiveness of a mouth guard (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>) for alleviating the occlusal force during m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>. The present study investigated the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> for alleviation of the occlusal force and complications during m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>. An ethyl\u2010vinyl\u2010acetate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EVA<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> was used as a shock\u2010absorbing material to mitigate the strong occlusion during m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> to investigate the influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> on the occlusal force and its effectiveness. The results showed that the occlusal force was alleviated by 58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022% on average using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> during m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>. It also helped reduce intra\u2010oral problems such as pain and bleeding. The results suggest the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> for alleviating the occlusal force during m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> and avoiding complications due to strong occlusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T15:38:25Z","timestamp":1392910705000},"page":"368-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effectiveness of a mouth guard to protect against strong occlusion caused by modified electroconvulsive therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Saori","family":"Ogami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morimasa","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuko","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology School of Dentistry Aichi\u2010Gakuin University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center Kawachinagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo\u2010facial Surgery Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Kohase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology Department of Oral Restitution Division of Oral Health Sciences Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhisa","family":"Fukayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology Department of Oral Restitution Division of Oral Health Sciences Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200206000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"A history of oral protection for the ECT patient: past, present, and future","volume":"11","author":"Minneman SA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181770224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Relationship between seizure duration and bispectral index during modified electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"55","author":"Miyazaki S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000105874.50605.3C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200205000-00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.45.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2504\/kds.56.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2186\/jjps.49.608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5357\/koubyou.65.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7144\/sgf.9.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Clinical application of T\u2010Scan System. 2. 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