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When the replantation is delayed, replacement root resorption is the most common complication following replantation of an avulsed tooth. The aim of this histological study was to evaluate the periodontal healing of replanted dogs' teeth after 20\u00a0min (short) and 60\u00a0min (long) extraoral dry time with and without the application of enamel matrix proteins. Eighty mature premolar roots (40 teeth) maxillary and mandibular premolars were extracted, the root canals were accessed, instrumented, and filled using a lateral condensation technique, and the access cavity was restored with amalgam. Each root was randomly assigned to one of experimental groups: Groups I and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>: Roots were replanted after an extraoral dry time of 20\u00a0min. In group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, Emdogain<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (Biora, Malmo, Sweden) was applied directly to the external root surface with complete coverage. Groups <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>: Roots were replanted after an extraoral dry time of 60\u00a0min. In group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>, Emdogain<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> was applied to the whole external root surface before replantation. Roots that replanted within a total extraoral dry time of 10\u00a0min were used as negative controls, while those replanted after 90\u00a0min of extraoral dry time were assigned as positive controls. After 4\u00a0months, the dogs were euthanized, and the maxillary and mandibular processes were processed for histology and microscopically evaluated. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.1075) among the experimental groups. The results of this study show that 20\u00a0min of extraoral dry time is as detrimental to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> cells as 60 or 90\u00a0min of extraoral dry time, with avulsed dogs' teeth, even when replanted with an inductive material such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMD<\/jats:styled-content>. This study provides strong evidence in relation to the threshold of the extraoral dry time of avulsed teeth, suggesting that the extraoral dry time threshold of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> cell viability is significantly less than that which current guidelines promote.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T09:46:32Z","timestamp":1413279992000},"page":"29-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Histopathological evaluation of the effects of variable extraoral dry times and enamel matrix proteins (enamel matrix derivatives) application on replanted dogs' teeth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joao V. 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