{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:03:58Z","timestamp":1790971438904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and calcium ion release are of great importance in antibacterial activity and the promotion of dental soft and hard tissue healing process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of particle size on the elevation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and the calcium ion release from calcium silicate\u2010based dental cements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve plastic tubes were divided into three groups, filled with white mineral trioxide aggregate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content> plus 1% methylcellulose, and nano\u2010modified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content> (nano\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content>), and placed inside flasks containing 10\u00a0ml of distilled water. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> values were measured using a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> sensor 3, 24, 72, and 168\u00a0h after setting of the cements. The calcium ion release was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with same sample preparation method. Data were subjected to two\u2010way analysis of variance (<jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>) followed by <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> Tukey tests with significance level of <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nano\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content> showed significant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> elevation only after 24\u00a0h (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content>, and after 3, 24, and 72\u00a0h compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content> plus 1% methylcellulose (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Nano\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content> showed significantly higher calcium ion release values compared to the other two groups (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nano\u2010modification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMTA<\/jats:styled-content> remarkably increased the calcium ion release at all time intervals postsetting, which can significantly influence the osteogenic properties of human dental pulp cells and as a consequence enhance mineralized matrix nodule formation to achieve desirable clinical outcomes. However, the increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> values mainly occurred during the short time postsetting. Addition of 1% methylcellulose imposed a delay in elevation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and calcium ion release by WMTA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T02:26:58Z","timestamp":1420770418000},"page":"196-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effect of particle size on calcium release and elevation of pH of endodontic cements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Saghiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Asatourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamal Asgar Research Center (KARC) Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Orangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Lotfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Endodontics Dental Faculty Tabriz University (Medical Sciences) Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Soukup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Garcia\u2010Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Research Center Health Science Center College of Dentistry University of Tennessee Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(83)80187-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572003000400002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.1999.00232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DON.0000140566.97319.3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v019a04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0701-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200104000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80271-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.20209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80967-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2011.600715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"SaghiriMA LotfiM AghiliH. 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