{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T02:42:06Z","timestamp":1773715326268,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARGE Zahntrauma"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title>There is a lack of studies of fractures of the alveolar process (FAP<\/jats:styled-content>). Only five were published in the last 50\u00a0years. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of pulp necrosis and infection (PN<\/jats:styled-content>), pulp canal obliteration (PCO<\/jats:styled-content>), infection\u2010related root resorption (IRR<\/jats:styled-content>), ankylosis\u2010related resorption (ARR<\/jats:styled-content>), marginal bone loss (MBL<\/jats:styled-content>), and tooth loss (TL<\/jats:styled-content>) as well as to identify the possible risk factors for teeth involved in an isolated alveolar process fracture. In the second part, any late complications of the involved teeth were reported in patients who responded to a follow\u2010up examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and method<\/jats:title>This study was a retrospective analysis of 126 patients with 329 traumatized permanent teeth treated in a regional dental trauma clinic. Follow\u2010up examination was performed on 31 (24.6%) patients with 75 (22.8%) teeth. The risks of PN<\/jats:styled-content>, PCO<\/jats:styled-content>, RR<\/jats:styled-content>, MBL<\/jats:styled-content>, and TL<\/jats:styled-content> were analyzed using the Kaplan\u2010Meier method. Possible risk factors for PN<\/jats:styled-content> (stage of root development, fracture position in relation to the root apex, concomitant injury, treatment delay, and antibiotics) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression and generalized estimating equation. The level of significance was 5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Pulp necrosis was observed in 43% of the teeth, and it was significantly associated with the presence of a concomitant injury and complete root formation. PCO<\/jats:styled-content> was recorded in 2.8%, root resorption (RR<\/jats:styled-content>, IRR<\/jats:styled-content>, and ARR<\/jats:styled-content>) in 4%, MBL<\/jats:styled-content> in 8%, and TL<\/jats:styled-content> in 0.6% of the teeth. Thirty\u2010four percent of the teeth were assumed to have normal pulps, but they did not respond to pulp sensibility testing. At the follow\u2010up examination, PN<\/jats:styled-content> was found in 49%, PCO<\/jats:styled-content> in 28%, RR<\/jats:styled-content> (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> and ARR<\/jats:styled-content>) in 4%, MBL<\/jats:styled-content> in 17%, and TL<\/jats:styled-content> in 5%. Estimated risk after a 5\u2010years follow up was as follows: PN<\/jats:styled-content>: 48.2% (95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 42.0\u201054.5), IRR<\/jats:styled-content>: 7.2 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.5\u201010.9), ARR<\/jats:styled-content>: 33.0% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 22.4\u201043.6), BL<\/jats:styled-content>: 16.7% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 9.6\u201023.8), TL<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.0% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.0\u20108.5). The following factors significantly increased the risk of PN<\/jats:styled-content>: mature root development (hazard ratio [HR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 7.50 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.84\u201030.64], P<\/jats:italic>=.005) and concomitant injury (HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.68 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.76\u20104.09], P<\/jats:italic><.001). In a logistic regression model, teeth with mature roots had a threefold risk of becoming non\u2010responsive to pulp testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Teeth involved in an isolated alveolar process fracture and managed with a conservative treatment approach appear to have a good prognosis. The most common complication was PN<\/jats:styled-content> which did not negatively affect the survival of the teeth after root canal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T14:26:47Z","timestamp":1486564007000},"page":"165-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A retrospective study of isolated fractures of the alveolar process in the permanent dentition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8171-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Marotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, Pedodontics and Minimally Invasive Dentistry University Clinic for Dental Medicine and Oral Health Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt Alois","family":"Ebeleseder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, Pedodontics and Minimally Invasive Dentistry University Clinic for Dental Medicine and Oral Health Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerold","family":"Schwantzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Jauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz Graz 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