{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:23:03Z","timestamp":1762374183392,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between facial injury characteristics and mild traumatic brain injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between facial injury characteristics and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review utilizing patients\u2019 medical records at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UKMMC<\/jats:styled-content>), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, was performed. Records of subjects with a history of facial trauma from 1 April 2012 to 31 December 2012 were selected. Various levels and surgical speciality records were reviewed to ascertain the diagnoses of facial injuries and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 348 medical records with the diagnosis of facial injuries were included. The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> among these patients was 41.4% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 36.2\u201046.6). The majority of the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> were in the age group of 18\u201025 years old. Patients with or without facial lacerations that were located on the lower face had a significant association with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>=.001, compared to other types of soft tissue injury. In addition, a statistically significant association was observed between facial fractures occurring to the middle face and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>=.018. Pearson chi\u2010square test also showed statistically significant association between the severity of facial injuries and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>=.018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injury should be suspected in patients with facial injuries and particularly those with lower face lacerations, midface fractures, moderate to severe facial injury and presence of multiple injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]],"date-time":"2017-06-26T06:24:43Z","timestamp":1498458283000},"page":"400-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A retrospective analysis of the relationship between facial injury and mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nurliza","family":"Abdul Razak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital Teluk Intan  Teluk Intan Perak Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rifqah","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Normastura","family":"Abd Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia  Kubang Kerian Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7445-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roszalina","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00671-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(02)00168-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80492-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-012-0368-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2015.1339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200401000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Department of Statistics Malaysia.Population and Housing Census Malaysia 2010. 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