{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:17:28Z","timestamp":1788419848724,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active participation in sports is a risk factor for maxillofacial fractures. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to survey and evaluate the characteristics of mandibular fractures, and dental injuries that occurred during the practice of baseball and softball in Sendai, Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The records of 454 patients with maxillofacial fractures from three departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery across a period 14\u00a0years were analysed. Fifty\u2010one patients with 56 mandible fractures and dental injuries that occurred playing baseball or softball were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Patients were divided according to age, gender, sites of fractures, mechanism of fractures and treatment methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 42 males and nine females, with a male\u2010to\u2010female ratio of 4.7:1.0. The mean age was 19.9\u00a0years old (range: 13\u201047\u00a0years old). As for the site, body of the mandible fractures prevailed, followed by the condyle, symphysis and angle. Fractures were mostly caused by the impact of a ball (42; 82.4%), followed by collisions with another player (5; 9.8%) and direct strike of a bat (4; 7.8%). All patients with mandibular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, except for six patients with condylar head fractures who were managed conservatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of a thrown ball against the batter's mandible can cause a condylar fracture when playing baseball and softball.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T12:54:26Z","timestamp":1567256066000},"page":"156-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mandibular fractures and dental injuries sustained during baseball and softball over 14 years in a Japanese population: A retrospective multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5885-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Nogami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Battista","family":"Bottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Sai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Otake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai 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