{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:00:55Z","timestamp":1747184455172,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) is a frequent complication of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The aim of this cohort study was to identify novel non\u2010invasive markers of post\u2010traumatic EIRR by assessing the changes in the pulp's blood flow and the composition of gingival sulcus fluid (GCF) in children after dental trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two children were enrolled and assessed within 48\u00a0h of a TDI to their permanent incisors and during an additional three visits over a 6\u2010months follow up period. During each visit, a radiograph and laser Doppler flow (LDF) measurements of the pulp blood flow were performed on the injured tooth, and the GCF was sampled. The permanent first molar tooth of the same subject served as a control for the LDF measurements and the GCF sampling. Concentrations of IL\u20101\u03b1 in the GCF were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. Radiographs were used to confirm EIRR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EIRR occurred in fourteen (43.8%) teeth in 32 patients. The teeth with EIRR showed diminished LDF readings when compared with controls at all visits. The LDF readings of the injured teeth continued to decrease at follow up visits. In the EIRR group, levels of IL\u20101\u03b1 in the GCF of teeth with EIRR were increased and significantly higher than those of the control teeth at the visit when EIRR was diagnosed. The IL\u20101\u03b1 levels were significantly higher in the EIRR group when compared to the injured teeth of patients without EIRR at the last follow\u2010up visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of EIRR after mechanical trauma of permanent teeth with complete root development is accompanied by a significant reduction in the blood flow of the tooth's pulp. It is accompanied by an increase in concentrations of IL\u20101\u03b1 in the GCF of EIRR affected teeth. The results of this pilot study identified the use of IL\u20101\u03b1 in GCF and LDF as non\u2010invasive markers of EIRR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T14:52:40Z","timestamp":1620658360000},"page":"699-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prognostic markers of post\u2010traumatic dental external root resorption in children\u2014a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Gregorczyk\u2010Maga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Dentistry Jagiellonian University Medical College Krak\u00f3w 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