{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:35:16Z","timestamp":1773970516055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>No studies have characterized the morbidity and mortality of maxillary &amp; malar fractures on a national scale. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for mortality in pediatric patients who had sustained maxillary and malar fractures by using a national pediatric hospital inpatient care database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). The primary predictor variable was the cause of injury. The primary outcome variable was mortality rate. Additional predictor variables included age, gender, race, income, payer information, year and place of injury, number of facial fractures, concomitant facial fractures, other fractures of the body, and intracranial\/internal organ injury. Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed to assess risk factors for mortality. Statistical significance was set to a <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5859 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common age group was 13\u201317\u2009years of age (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03816, 65.1%). Motor vehicle accidents were the most common mechanism of injury (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02172, 37.1%). The presence of cranial vault (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.81, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.017), skull base (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.72, <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.001), and vertebral column fractures (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.13, <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.016), as well as sub\u2010arachnoid hemorrhage (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.75, <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.005), traumatic pneumothorax\/hemothorax (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.16, <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.015), and heart\/lung injury (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.37, <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.001) were each independently associated with increased odds of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients in their late teens most commonly sustained malar and maxillary fractures, likely due to general trends in craniomaxillofacial development. The presence of other fractures located in close proximity to the mid\u2010face increased the risk of mortality among pediatric patients with malar and maxillary fractures. This may be explained by the anatomical approximation of the mid\u2010face to vital neurovascular structures of the head, which, when damaged, may prove fatal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T20:00:25Z","timestamp":1657310425000},"page":"466-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Malar and maxillary fractures among pediatric patients and the risk factors for mortality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani","family":"Stanbouly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Dental Medicine  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3949-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Kiang","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Good Samaritan Medical Center  Brockton Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.06.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2020\u20102021. 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