{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:13:42Z","timestamp":1789208022874,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maxillofacial trauma poses a distinct challenge on the modern battlefield, and data on its long\u2010term implications are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate maxillofacial injury characteristics, outcomes, and complications along the continuum of care among hospitalized military personnel from the pre\u2010hospital setting through long\u2010term rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A registry\u2010based study was undertaken of three national trauma and rehabilitation registries: The Israel Defense Forces Trauma Registry (IDF\u2010TR), which records pre\u2010hospital data. The Israeli National Trauma Registry for in\u2010hospital data and the Israel Ministry of Defense Rehabilitation Department (MOD\u2010RD) registry contain long\u2010term disability data. The cohort comprised IDF soldiers who suffered maxillofacial injuries between 1997 and 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 672 patients with maxillofacial injuries were included in the study, and 6.4% of all trauma admissions were related to maxillofacial injuries. Of these, 366 (54%) were injured in non\u2010military (NMC) circumstances, and 306 (46%) were wounded in military circumstances (MC). The mechanisms of injury were mainly traffic\u2010related among the NMC group compared with an explosion in the MC group. Maxillofacial fractures were frequently associated with traumatic brain injuries with higher rates in the NMC group than in the MC group (55% vs. 30%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In a multivariate analysis, zygomatic and orbital fractures were associated with higher odds of concomitant head injury. The most common categories of long\u2010term disability included central nervous system disorders, skull injuries, epilepsy, hearing impairment, ophthalmologic conditions, and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maxillofacial injuries are often associated with concomitant traumatic brain injury. Long\u2010term disabilities associated with these injuries included the central nervous system, hearing, ophthalmologic impairments, and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T05:54:03Z","timestamp":1667886843000},"page":"147-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Traumatic maxillofacial injuries: Patterns, outcomes, and long\u2010term follow\u2010up of a military cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Tsur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trauma and Combat Medicine Branch, Surgeon General's, Headquarters Israel Defense Forces Ramat Gan Israel"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center Tel 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