{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:05:37Z","timestamp":1790197537793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Avulsion of a permanent tooth is one of the most severe traumatic dental injuries, comprising an estimated 0.5%\u201316% of all dental injuries. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct financial costs of tooth avulsion in children based on stage of root maturity and the occurrence of ankylosis and to report patients' characteristics and outcomes of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of the dental records of children ages 6\u201318 who sustained a permanent tooth avulsion from 2010 to 2020 was completed. Relative Value Units (RVUs) were used to calculate the estimated cost of dental trauma care over the 2\u2010year post\u2010injury period for five different scenarios of avulsed teeth based on the stage of root maturity, the occurrence of ankylosis and whether the tooth was replanted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 452 avulsed permanent teeth in 348 patients. Of those, 157 teeth were included in the cost analysis. Overall, the average direct dental cost of avulsion was 46.4 RVUs equal to $1619 USD based on the 2021 conversion rate ($34.89 per RVU). Direct costs ranged between 40 RVUs ($1396) and 52.8 RVUs ($1842) depending on the root maturation and ankylosis status or whether the tooth was replanted; however, ANOVA test did not show any statistically significant differences between the mean RVUs of different groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.85). Patients returned 9.5 times on average over the 2\u2010year study period for dental trauma care after avulsion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average direct cost of tooth avulsion within the limits of this study was $1619 USD. On average, patients returned for 9.5 follow\u2010up visits after the avulsion. The stage of root maturity, the occurrence of ankylosis and whether the tooth was replanted or not were not significantly associated with the direct cost of dental care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T16:40:05Z","timestamp":1673887205000},"page":"240-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Characteristics, treatment outcomes and direct costs of tooth avulsion in children treated at a major hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"DiPaolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Local Smile Co  Redondo Beach California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University College of Dentistry  Columbus Ohio 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