{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:03:51Z","timestamp":1789387431829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mandible is the largest, strongest bone in the maxillofacial region. When a fracture occurs in the mandible, its location depends on several factors: the direction of the trauma, the angle of the trauma, masticatory muscles and the quality of the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stresses caused by trauma to the symphysis region from different angles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computer\u2010based mandible models were created, and a 2000\u2009N force was applied to the symphysis at three different angles using finite element analysis. Six trauma situations were simulated with the mouth open or closed. Forces were applied to the symphysis at 90\u00b0 (Model 1) in the anteroposterior direction, 45\u00b0 (Model 2) in the anteroposterior\u2013inferosuperior direction and 90\u00b0 (Model 3) in the inferosuperior direction, when the mouth was open or closed. The resulting stress intensity was assessed using finite element analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a result of trauma applied to the symphysis region, maximum stresses were found where the impact originated and at the condyle region (Model 2, open mouth: condyle 1 [1172\u2009MPa]). The open mouth position caused higher stress values than the closed mouth position (Model 2, open mouth: condyle 1 [1172\u2009MPa]; closed mouth: symphysis 4 [82\u2009MPa]). The Model 2, open\u2010mouth state (Model 2, open mouth: condyle 1 [1172\u2009MPa]) sustained higher stresses than all the other models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The stress values in the mandible were affected by the force applied to the symphysis region, the angle of impact arrival and the open or closed state of the mouth. Keeping the mouth closed at the time of trauma reduced the stress value. A closed mouth during trauma directed at the symphysis reduced the possibility of mandible fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T15:08:25Z","timestamp":1676819305000},"page":"352-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of the pattern of fracture formation from trauma to the human mandible with finite element analysis. Part 1: Symphysis region"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Bahad\u0131r","family":"Sancar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Inonu University  Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunus","family":"\u00c7etiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Inonu University  Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertun\u00e7","family":"Day\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(82)80011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80417-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2007.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2004.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-54192006000200006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Adaptive finite element simulation of the human mandible using a new physiological model of the masticatory muscles","volume":"4","author":"Kober C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pammatone"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2002.0297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-4469.2004.00210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2011.01106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"582","article-title":"Mechanik der festen K\u00f6rper im plastisch\u2010deformablen Zustand","volume":"1913","author":"Mises R v","year":"1913","journal-title":"Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Zu G\u00f6ttingen, Mathematisch\u2010Physikalische Klasse"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/111011-696.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(75)90075-5"}],"container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/edt.12825","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/edt.12825","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/edt.12825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T22:41:10Z","timestamp":1692312070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/edt.12825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/edt.12825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/edt.12825","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1600-4469","1600-9657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1600-4469","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-9657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}