{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:08:20Z","timestamp":1791414500651,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraoperative stabilisation of bony fragments with maxillo\u2010mandibular fixation (MMF) is an essential step in the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures that are treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The MMF can be performed with or without wire\u2010based methods, rigid or manual MMF, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare the use of manual versus rigid MMF, in terms of occlusal outcomes and infective complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multi\u2010centric prospective study involved 12 European maxillofacial centres and included adult patients (age \u226516\u2009years) with mandibular fractures treated with ORIF. The following data were collected: age, gender, pre\u2010trauma dental status (dentate or partially dentate), cause of injury, fracture site, associated facial fractures, surgical approach, modality of intraoperative MMF (manual or rigid), outcome (minor\/major malocclusions and infective complications) and revision surgeries. The main outcome was malocclusion at 6\u2009weeks after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between May 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022, 319 patients\u2014257 males and 62 females (median age, 28\u2009years)\u2014with mandibular fractures (185 single, 116 double and 18 triple fractures) were hospitalised and treated with ORIF. Intraoperative MMF was performed manually on 112 (35%) patients and with rigid MMF on 207 (65%) patients. The study variables did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for age. Minor occlusion disturbances were observed in 4 (3.6%) patients in the manual MMF group and in 10 (4.8%) patients in the rigid MMF group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). In the rigid MMF group, only one case of major malocclusion required a revision surgery. Infective complications involved 3.6% and 5.8% of patients in the manual and rigid MMF group, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraoperative MMF was performed manually in nearly one third of the patients, with wide variability among the centres and no difference observed in terms of number, site and displacement of fractures. No significant difference was found in terms of postoperative malocclusion among patients treated with manual or rigid MMF. This suggests that both techniques were equally effective in providing intraoperative MMF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T14:21:33Z","timestamp":1683210093000},"page":"448-454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Manual versus rigid intraoperative maxillo\u2010mandibular fixation\u00a0in the surgical management of mandibular fractures: A\u00a0European prospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2473-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Sobrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Science University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Roccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Science University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentines","family":"Vilaplana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital of Bellvitge  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Mari","family":"Roig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital of Bellvitge  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4196-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Raveggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Science University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Ramieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Science University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Goetzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4116-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Battista","family":"Bottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali O.","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Laverick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Predrag","family":"Kne\u017eevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Dubrava  Zagreb 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N.","family":"Zanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hippocratio General Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drago","family":"Jelovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine University of Belgrade  Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitomir S.","family":"Konstantinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine University of Belgrade  Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u017ee","family":"Birk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery University Medical Centre  Ljubljana 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