{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:44:04Z","timestamp":1791625444114,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mandibular condylar fractures represent 25%\u201335% of all mandibular fractures. Despite profound research, there is still a controverse debate about treating these fractures conservatively or by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The aim of this study is to analyse the outcome after open and closed treatment of extracapsular mandibular condyle fractures regarding general characteristics, post\u2010treatment malocclusion, facial nerve palsy (FNP), maximum mouth opening (MMO) and parotid complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort of 377 fractures (350 open, 27 closed treatment) was reviewed by reference to clinical and radiological pre\u2010 and postoperative documentation. Follow\u2010up period was 12\u2009months. Pearsons' chi\u2010square\u2010test, correlations, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test and <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test were carried out for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dominant type of fracture was type II in Spiessl and Schroll classification (50.1%). In the open treated fractures, the most common approach was retromandibular transparotid (91.7%). Post\u2010treatment malocclusion occurred in 18.0% and was significantly increased in bilateral fractures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.039), in luxation fractures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.016) and in patients with full dentition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004). After open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), temporary FNP was documented in 7.1% whereas a permanent paresis occurred in 1.7%. FNP was significantly associated with high fractures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001), comminution (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.028) and increased duration of surgery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.040). Parotid complications were significantly associated with revision surgery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009). Post\u2010treatment reduction of MMO mainly occurred in female patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) as well as in patients with bilateral fractures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), high fractures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.030) and concomitant mandibular (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and midfacial fractures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malocclusion seems to be the most frequent long\u2010term complication after open reduction and osteosynthesis of extracapsular mandibular condyle fractures. We suggest ORIF by a transparotid approach to be an appropriate treatment with a low complication rate regarding especially FNP for extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T04:40:00Z","timestamp":1690173600000},"page":"586-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment of extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condylar process: A retrospective evaluation of 377 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0905-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Maurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schuderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten E.","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Ettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg 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