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Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental data were collected through interviews and physical examinations during cohort follow\u2010up. Dental examination at 4\u2009years of age revealed the presence of TDI. A theoretical model was constructed using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). A descriptive analysis was performed, followed by Poisson regression models relating TDI to each outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 3650 4\u2010year\u2010old children were analyzed; the prevalence of dental trauma was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.9%\u201321.5%). The prevalence of TDI was lower among girls compared with boys, suggesting a protective effect of female sex (relative risk [RR] 0.80 [95% CI: 0.79\u20130.91]). Increased height for age (RR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.14\u20132.09]), increased overjet (RR 1.45 [95% CI: 1.2\u20131.74]), and anterior open bite (RR 1.26 [95% CI: 1.01\u20131.56]) demonstrated an association with TDI after testing regression models based on DAGs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male sex, increased height, and increased overjet and open bite were factors predisposing to TDI at 4\u2009years of age. Understanding these factors can contribute to the implementation of targeted prevention strategies for reducing TDI and their potential long\u2010term consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T10:48:21Z","timestamp":1732099701000},"page":"143-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of the Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Primary Dentition: Findings From a Cohort Study Involving 4\u2010Year\u2010Old Children From South Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8555-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel Denisse","family":"Rivera L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2433-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Gonzalez","family":"Cademartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-2602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia Le\u00e3o","family":"Goettems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Fernando","family":"Demarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1470-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Curi","family":"Hallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Physical Education Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0524-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Polina Pereira","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20109657.2008.00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102\u2010311x00015920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20109657.2009.00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368\u2010021\u201000652\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806\u201083242014.50000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Children's Dental Health Survey 2013, Country Specific Report: England","volume":"1","author":"Holmes R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health and Social Care in the Community"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: Length\/Height\u2010for\u2010Age, Weight\u2010Forage, Weight\u2010for\u2010Length, Weight\u2010for\u2010Height and Body Mass Index\u2010for\u2010Age. 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