{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T02:41:23Z","timestamp":1773715283288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12202298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12202298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The orofacial injuries (temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries, mandible fractures, etc.) represent a high incidence in sports medicine. But the mechanism of injuries caused by sport impacts was poorly studied. This study aimed to fill this gap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different frontal impacts were applied to the finite element model. The motions and biomechanical responses of the joint and mandible were analyzed and compared with active open\u2010closing mouth movement in order to evaluate injury causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Firstly, the maxillofacial morphology and open\u2010closing motion were captured. Then an improved FE maxillofacial model for dynamic analysis was established for impact and mouth open\u2013closing simulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rotation degrees of the mandible and the stress level of the TMJ increased as the impacts got greater. The disc sustained squeeze and the capsule sustained stretch. The mandibular body and ramus sustained greater stretch under impacts over 2000\u2009N.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It indicated that the injuries of the TMJ were primarily from excessive squeezing on the disc and stretching on the capsule, caused by excessive displacement of the condyle. The mandibular body and ramus were at great risk of fracture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T06:29:25Z","timestamp":1745994565000},"page":"520-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Influence of Sport Impacts on Injuries of the Temporomandibular System: Frontal Impacts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Annan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology\/Sichuan University Yibin Park  Yibin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingmei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology\/Sichuan University Yibin Park  Yibin China"},{"name":"Basic Mechanics Lab Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7336-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology\/Sichuan University Yibin Park  Yibin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Sport Injuries in Full Contact and Semi\u2010Contact Karate","volume":"28","author":"Greier K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sportverletzung Sportschaden"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465880160S119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000234982.54121.6b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Orofacial Injuries Reported by Junior and Senior Basketball Players","volume":"35","author":"Lesi\u0107 N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002109"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sports Injuries of Temporomandibular Joints and Oral Muscles in Basketball Players","volume":"61","author":"Lesi\u0107 N.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Medica Croatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Evaluation of Sports\u2010Related Temporomandibular Dysfunctions","volume":"31","author":"Sailors M. 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