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A 3D\u2010printed skull model (Spin Red Resin, Quanton 3D) simulated the dentoalveolar complex, with Resilab Clear resin (Wilcos) for teeth and addition\u2010cured silicone for the periodontal ligament. This setup was connected to a custom impact device to ensure forces remained within the materials' elastic limits. Microstrains were measured using four strain gauges placed on the vestibular surfaces of the central incisors and the alveolar process of the maxilla. The impact was applied at Ep\u2009=\u20090.5496\u2009J, parallel to the ground, using a 35\u2010mm diameter steel sphere. For the in silico test, the setup was modeled in CAD software (Rhinoceros 7.0) and analyzed in CAE software (Ansys 2021 R1) through explicit dynamic simulation. All materials were assumed homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. A 1\u2009m\/s impact was simulated using a 7.8\u2009g\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> steel sphere. Physical contact conditions were defined as frictional and glued, with tetrahedral mesh elements applied after a 10% convergence test to ensure accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximum principal strains and stresses in teeth and maxilla were presented through colorimetric graphs. Statistical analysis (Shapiro\u2013Wilk, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, and Dunn's tests, 5% significance) revealed significant differences for the non\u2010reinforced group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>) but none between impact zones (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.879), confirming uniform stress distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reinforcement systems significantly improved impact absorption in oral tissues, enhancing protection. However, the reinforcement location did not significantly affect absorption. Finite element analysis validated the in\u00a0vitro results supporting both theoretical and practical models for further study and future improvements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:51:51Z","timestamp":1743295911000},"page":"581-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reinforcement Positioning in Custom\u2010Made Mouthguards for Maxillofacial Trauma Protection: A Combined In\u00a0Vitro and In Silico Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Talita Suelen","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5412-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Mendes","family":"Tribst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Haddad e Borro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"da Rocha Scalzer Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Luiz Souto","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarcisio Jose","family":"de Arruda Paes Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-019-00575-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.07.218"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"740","article-title":"Effects of Mouthguards on Skin Damage: An In\u00a0Vitro Study","volume":"17","author":"Saito M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2014.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1998.tb00807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.221-222.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3709171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.08.009"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","article-title":"Stress Distribution of Complete\u2010Arch Implant\u2010Supported Prostheses Reinforced With Silica\u2010Nylon Mesh","volume":"11","author":"Paes\u2010 Junior T. 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