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Despite this, the mechanisms involved in repairing the periodontal ligament following dental trauma remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the repair process of periodontal tissues after tooth avulsion and immediate replantation in\n                      <jats:italic>Wistar<\/jats:italic>\n                      rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010four rats underwent extraction of the upper right incisors, followed by immediate replantation. The left teeth were left intact as controls. The animals were euthanized after 15 and 60\u2009days, and histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical staining (neurotrophin\u20104\u2014NT\u20104, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule\u20101\u2014PECAM\u20101), and TUNEL\u2010based apoptosis quantification were performed. Image deconvolution was used to analyze slides, applying hematoxylin and DAB filters. The \u201cintegrated density\u201d and \u201carea\u201d tools measured staining intensity, with data presented as arbitrary units per \u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Data were analyzed using two\u2010way ANOVA followed by Sidak's post\u2010test at a significance level of 5%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histopathological examination revealed an inflammatory response surrounding the replanted tooth, with mineralized tissue resorption occurring over time. After 15\u2009days post\u2010replantation, there was a significant increase in neurotrophin\u20104 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0439) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule\u20101 expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0389) compared with the control group (sound teeth). At 60\u2009days, expression levels of these markers decreased and showed no significant difference compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, replanted teeth showed a significantly higher amount of apoptotic cells compared with the control group, regardless of the period of investigation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicate that proteins associated with angiogenesis and neurogenesis are present in the early stages of repair. Additionally, cell death was observed at both 15 and 60\u2009days post\u2010replantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T01:20:17Z","timestamp":1750468817000},"page":"79-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of the Mechanisms Involved in Periodontal Ligament Revascularization and Reinnervation Following Immediate Tooth Replantation in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Caroline Amaro","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano Aparecido","family":"de Almeida\u2010Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Federal University of Alfenas  Alfenas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido Artemio Mara\u00f1on","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2900-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra Mussolino","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Wanderley Garcia","family":"de Paula\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya Fernanda Manfrin","family":"Arnez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356609028222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Healing and Pain Sensitivity in Reimplanted Young Human Teeth. 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