{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:31:04Z","timestamp":1791757864132,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72250040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72250040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and inter\u2010account consistency of two Google Gemini\u2013powered, user\u2010facing workflows for dental trauma decision support: standalone Gemini chat and NotebookLM, a document\u2010grounded workflow that generates responses grounded in uploaded European Society of Endodontology and International Association of Dental Traumatology guideline documents, when answering dichotomous (yes\/no) clinical questions on the management of traumatized permanent teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional simulation was conducted using 99 dichotomous (yes\/no) questions derived from the European Society of Endodontology and International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines. Three academic endodontists submitted each question to Gemini and NotebookLM using three independent Google accounts, generating 297 responses per workflow. Accuracy was defined as exact agreement with guideline\u2010based answers, and consistency as the proportion of identical responses across the three trials. Statistical analyses included Wald and Wilson 95% confidence intervals, Fleiss' kappa for inter\u2010account agreement, and Pearson's chi\u2010squared tests to compare proportions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gemini demonstrated an overall accuracy of 83.83% (95% CI: 75.08\u201390.47) and a consistency of 74.74% (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.84). NotebookLM showed higher accuracy (92.93%; 95% CI: 85.97\u201397.11) and perfect consistency (100%; \u03ba\u2009=\u20091.00). While the difference in accuracy did not reach statistical significance (p\u2009=\u20090.076), NotebookLM exhibited significantly greater consistency (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The responses generated from the guidelines were highly consistent with both workflows. Document grounding may enhance repeatability and alignment with guideline\u2010derived decision points for structured dichotomous inquiries, as evidenced by NotebookLM's ability to achieve complete inter\u2010account consistency and to quantitatively increase accuracy. These results are the outcome of workflow\u2010level benchmarking; therefore, clinical utility cannot be inferred solely from them; professional oversight and additional validation remain necessary before any clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:46:34Z","timestamp":1772991994000},"page":"659-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating Guideline Adherence in Gemini\u2010Powered Dental Trauma Workflows: Standalone Gemini Chat vs. Document\u2010Grounded NotebookLM"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5922-2757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Dufey\u2010Portilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Universidad Andres Bello  Vi\u00f1a del Mar Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3500-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Abella Sans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Universitat International de Catalunya, School of Dentistry  Sant Cugat del Valles Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Duran\u2010Sindreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Universitat International de Catalunya, School of Dentistry  Sant Cugat del Valles Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Salagaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Universitat International de Catalunya, School of Dentistry  Sant Cugat del Valles Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkateshbabu","family":"Nagendrababu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine University of Sharjah  Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College &amp; Hospital Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University)  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul V.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8123-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liran","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Garcia\u2010Font","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Universitat International de Catalunya, School of Dentistry  Sant Cugat del Valles Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13543"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20109657.2012.01125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20109657.2011.01103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916\u2010024\u201002045\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666\u2010024\u201000171\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462\u2010024\u201010921\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Google \u201cGemini [Internet] \u201d(2025) 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