{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:32:56Z","timestamp":1778679176792,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oro\u2010dental trauma (ODT) is a significant health concern among adolescents participating in contact sports due to frequent physical contact and increased risk of orofacial injuries. Despite the availability of preventive measures such as mouthguards, their utilization remains limited, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of ODT and to explore perceptions regarding mouthguard use among adolescent contact sportspersons in Lucknow, North India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An explanatory mixed\u2010methods study was conducted among 13\u201318\u2010year\u2010old contact sportspersons in four sports complexes in Lucknow, India. The quantitative phase involved a cross\u2010sectional survey using the Universal Sports Dental Examination Protocol (USPDES) and the Adolescent Oro\u2010Dental Trauma Impact Index (AODTII). Clinical examination assessed dental trauma, oral health status, and associated conditions. Qualitative data were collected through in\u2010depth interviews with purposively selected participants to explore perceptions and barriers related to mouthguard use. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi\u2010square tests, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 280 participants (mean age 14.78\u2009\u00b1\u20091.48\u2009years) were included in the study. The prevalence of ODT was 28.9%, with uncomplicated crown fractures being the most common injury. A statistically significant association was observed between gender and ODT prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), with higher prevalence among males. Mouthguard use was reported by only 10.4% of participants, and none used custom\u2010fabricated devices. Although most participants reported less than significant impact on oral health\u2010related quality of life, 11.1% demonstrated significant or highly significant impact. Qualitative findings revealed that discomfort, breathing difficulty, communication barriers, and limited professional guidance influenced mouthguard non\u2010use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ODT prevalence among adolescent contact sportspersons in this North Indian setting is considerable, while preventive practices such as mouthguard use remain low. Strategies promoting accessible, well\u2010fitted protective devices and increased collaboration between dental professionals, coaches, and sports organizations may help reduce sports\u2010related dental injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1778676603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Impact of Oro\u2010Dental Trauma Among 13\u201318\u2010Year\u2010Old Contact Sportspersons in Lucknow, North India: A Mixed\u2010Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7241-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aayushi","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishita","family":"Kankane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6479-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Medical and Health  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine\/Sports Injury King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khushboo","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sifpsa","family":"Diwakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0131-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreeja","family":"Gummalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2756-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aman","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry King George's Medical University  Lucknow UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12389","article-title":"World Traumatic Dental Injury Prevalence and Incidence, a Meta\u2010Analysis\u2014One Billion Living People Have Had Traumatic Dental Injuries","volume":"34","author":"Petti S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12556","article-title":"Prevalence of Dentofacial Injuries in Contact Sports Players: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"36","author":"Werlich M. O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.57.191","article-title":"Prevalence of Dental Trauma and Mouthguard Awareness Among Weekend Warrior Soccer Players","volume":"57","author":"Dursun E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.70744","article-title":"Prevalence and Patterns of Combat Sport Related Maxillofacial Injuries","volume":"3","author":"Shirani G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12959","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Dental Trauma in Contact and Non\u2010Contact Sports: A Systematic Review","volume":"40","author":"Lima L. G. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.22766","article-title":"A Study of Sports Related Occurrence of Traumatic Orodental Injuries and Associated Risk Factors in High School Students in North India","volume":"5","author":"Singh G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","volume-title":"Supporting Traumatized Children and Teenagers: A Guide to Providing Understanding and Help","author":"Dyregrov A.","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/08865710802310178","article-title":"Structured Sensory Therapy (SITCAP\u2010ART) for Traumatized Adjudicated Adolescents in Residential Treatment","volume":"25","author":"Raider M. C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03097-6","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Novel Index to Assess the Perceived Impact of Sports\u2010Related Oro\u2010Dental Trauma Among Adolescents: Findings From Sri Lanka","volume":"23","author":"Udayamalee I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12863","article-title":"A Suggested Universal Protocol for Dental Examination in Sports","volume":"39","author":"Stamos A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2025.2553244","article-title":"The Role of Mouthguards in the Prevention of Oro\u2010Facial Trauma","volume":"34","author":"Fine P. D.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Research in Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.23.14915-2","article-title":"Prevalence of Sports\u2010Related Traumatic Orofacial and Dental Injuries in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"63","author":"Tewari N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.022889","article-title":"Sports Injuries: Population Based Representative Data on Incidence, Diagnosis, Sequelae, and High Risk Groups","volume":"40","author":"Schneider S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12441","article-title":"The Use of Mouthguards and Prevalence of Dento\u2010Alveolar Trauma Among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Fernandes L. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4314\/rjmhs.v5i3.6","article-title":"Prevalence of Dental Traumas and Mouthguard Use Among Contact Sports' Players in Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"5","author":"Uwayezu D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12916","article-title":"Oro\u2010Dental Trauma Burden and Mouthguard Usage Among Contact Sports Players: A Call for Sports Dentistry Initiatives in Sri Lanka","volume":"40","author":"Udayamalee I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.422","article-title":"Investigating the Effect of Mouth Guard Use on Aerobic Performance in Amateur Boxers","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cllinical and Experimental Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.300305.x","article-title":"Impact of Traumatic Injuries to the Permanent Teeth on the Oral Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in 12\u201014\u2010Year\u2010Old Children","volume":"30","author":"Cortes M. I. S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16241-2","article-title":"Oral\u2010Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in Adolescents: Umbrella Review","volume":"23","author":"Chimbinha \u00cd. G. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12083","article-title":"Impact of Traumatic Dental Injuries Among Adolescents on Family's Quality of Life: A Population\u2010Based Study","volume":"24","author":"Bendo C. B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12314","article-title":"FDI Policy Statement on Sports Dentistry","volume":"67","author":"FDI World Dental Federation","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"A Literature Review of Sports\u2010Related Orofacial Trauma","volume":"52","author":"Kumamoto D. P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"General Dentistry"}],"container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/edt.70081","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/edt.70081","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/edt.70081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:50:08Z","timestamp":1778676608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/edt.70081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/edt.70081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/edt.70081","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1600-4469","1600-9657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1600-4469","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-9657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"edt.70081"}}