{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:21:24Z","timestamp":1783581684132,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K11591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K11591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Traumatology"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background\/Aim<\/jats:title>\n Mouthguards are essential for preventing orofacial trauma in contact sports, such as rugby. However, comfort issues often hinder athlete compliance. Demonstrating an ergogenic effect could encourage greater use. This study aimed to examine the impacts of wearing a custom\u2010made mouthguard on isokinetic shoulder strength, focusing on its velocity\u2010dependent effects and its influence on inter\u2010limb asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Twenty\u2010nine male university rugby players performed maximal concentric isokinetic shoulder movements in a diagonal pattern (adduction and abduction) using a dynamometer. A randomized, crossover design compared performance with a custom\u2010made mouthguard and without a mouthguard for both dominant and non\u2010dominant limbs at angular velocities of 60\u00b0\/s, 120\u00b0\/s, and 180\u00b0\/s. Key metrics included peak torque and rate of force development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mouthguard use showed a significant main effect, with significantly higher peak torque and rate of force development compared to without a mouthguard (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). A significant interaction between mouthguard condition and angular velocity was observed for rate of force development, suggesting that the ergogenic effect was most pronounced at the lowest velocity (60\u00b0\/s). Improvements were significantly greater during adduction than during abduction. However, mouthguard use did not alter the existing non\u2010dominant\/dominant strength ratio.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Wearing a custom\u2010made mouthguard acted as a velocity\u2010dependent ergogenic aid, which enhanced both maximal and explosive shoulder strength, particularly during low\u2010velocity, high\u2010force movements. Although it improved overall strength, it did not correct existing strength asymmetries. These findings highlighted the potential value of mouthguards for enhancing fundamental force generation capacity under controlled conditions, which might improve athlete compliance and safety.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:00:53Z","timestamp":1783580453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Velocity\u2010Dependent and Movement\u2010Specific Ergogenic Effects of a Custom\u2010Made Mouthguard on Isokinetic Shoulder Strength in University Rugby Players"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Sugajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Sport Sciences, School of Health Sciences Asahi University Mizuho Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naotaka","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Ohmori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry Asahi University Mizuho Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeru","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Sport Sciences, School of Health Sciences Asahi University Mizuho Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Sport Sciences, School of Health Sciences Asahi University Mizuho Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737020-00003","article-title":"Mouthguards in Sport Activities: History, Physical Properties and Injury Prevention Effectiveness","volume":"37","author":"Knapik J. 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