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This article reviews long\u2010run historical relationships between urbanization and epidemiological trends in England, and then addresses the specific question: did mortality rise especially in rapidly growing industrial and manufacturing towns in the period\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 1830\u201350? Using comparative data for British, European, and American cities and selected rural populations, this study finds good evidence for widespread increases in mortality in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. However, this phenomenon was not confined to \u2018new\u2019 or industrial towns. Instead, mortality rose in the 1830s especially among young children (aged one to four years) in a wide range of populations and environments. This pattern of heightened mortality extended between\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 1830 and\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 1870, and coincided with a well\u2010established rise and decline in scarlet fever virulence and mortality. The evidence presented here therefore supports claims that mortality worsened for young children in the middle decades of the nineteenth century, but also indicates that this phenomenon was more geographically ubiquitous, less severe, and less chronologically concentrated than previously argued.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ehr.12964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T22:59:23Z","timestamp":1582325963000},"page":"455-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Urbanization and mortality in Britain, c. 1800\u201350"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Romola J.","family":"Davenport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, Department of Geography University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/700766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2_2_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Life under pressure: mortality and living standards in Europe and Asia, 1700\u20131900","author":"Alter G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118504338.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2594841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2_5_1","volume-title":"Trends of mortality and causes of death in Norway 1856\u20131955","author":"Backer J. 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