{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T03:02:40Z","timestamp":1785639760657,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]],"date-time":"2016-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Early Intervention Psych"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heroin\u2010dependent adolescents demonstrate high rates of comorbid psychological problems. Among heroin\u2010dependent adults, opiate substitution treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content>) programmes appear to reduce mental health problems. We sought to examine the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> on psychological well\u2010being in adolescents, as this is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective study examining psychological well\u2010being in heroin dependent adolescents, aged 18 years or younger, engaged in outpatient psychologically supported <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients were treated with either methadone or buprenorphine. This was complimented with individual key working, counselling (motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy) and group work focusing on life skills. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>eck <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>outh <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory was used to measure psychological well\u2010being at treatment entry and repeated after 4 months of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 55 consecutive treatment episodes, we examined the 32 episodes where the patient persisted with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> programme. Polysubstance use was the norm at treatment entry. At follow\u2010up, the median doses of methadone and buprenorphine were 50\u2009mgs and 8\u2009mgs, respectively. Only three patients were treated with antidepressant medication. There was significant improvement in the mean depression (65.0 to 57.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), anxiety (61.7 to 57.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) and anger (57.8 to 54.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) subscale scores. The self\u2010concept and disruptive behaviour subscale scores did not improve significantly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this relatively short\u2010term follow\u2010up, psychosocially assisted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> appears to be associated with improved psychological well\u2010being in heroin\u2010dependent adolescents, especially in the area of depressive and anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]],"date-time":"2016-01-23T08:22:38Z","timestamp":1453537358000},"page":"417-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Changes in psychological well\u2010being among heroin\u2010dependent adolescents during psychologically supported opiate substitution treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bobby P.","family":"Smyth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health &amp; Primary Care Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"The National Drug Treatment Centre  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Graduate Entry Medical School University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ducray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Drug Treatment Centre  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic General Practice School of Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Adolescent Substance Abuse: Psychiatric Comorbidity and High Risk Behaviors","author":"Kaminer Y","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2008.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20760"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2013.786924"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-004-0020-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Recovery\u2010Oriented Drug Treatment. 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