{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T22:09:39Z","timestamp":1770070179564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Intervention Psych"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this paper is to describe the substance use of participants who are at\u2010risk for serious mental illness (SMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome study (PROCAN) is a two\u2010site study of 243 youth and young adults aged 13 to 25\u2009years, categorized into four groups: healthy controls (n = 42), stage 0 (asymptomatic individuals with risk of SMI typically family high risk; n = 41), stage 1a (distress disorder or mild symptoms of anxiety or depression; n = 53) and stage 1b (attenuated syndromes, including bipolar disorder or psychosis; n = 107). Substance use measures were administered at baseline, 6\u2010 and 12\u2010months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, the most commonly reported substance used in the past month was alcohol (43.6%), followed by cannabis (14.4%) and tobacco (12.4%). There were no significant group differences in use. 42.4% of all participants reported ever using cannabis in their lifetime, whereas 21.4% reported currently using cannabis. There were no group differences in ever having used cannabis. Regarding lifetime substance abuse disorders, cannabis use disorder (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (4.5%) were the most common and more often reported in stage 1b participants relative to other groups. Furthermore, alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use remained relatively consistent at 6\u2010 and 12\u2010month follow\u2010ups when compared to baseline use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol was the most commonly used substance followed by cannabis and tobacco. Although substance use did not differ between those at different stages of risk, overall prevention strategies are still warranted for youth at\u2010risk for SMI, especially those who are more symptomatic and potentially at greater risk of developing an SMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T01:58:16Z","timestamp":1591322296000},"page":"634-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Substance use in youth at\u2010risk for serious mental illness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan S.","family":"Farris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed K.","family":"Shakeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenda","family":"MacQueen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin I.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JianLi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Work and Mental health Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidney H.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Chair in Suicide and Depression Studies St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Krembil Research Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Signe","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Addington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1801-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718784935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"HealthCanada. 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