{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:34:02Z","timestamp":1790843642419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Intervention Psych"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Culture has been posited to be involved in the formation and maintenance of delusions and hallucinations. The extent of these differences and how they affect explanatory models of psychosis and help\u2010seeking attitudes remains to be understood. This review aims to present a cultural formulation to account for psychosis onset, symptom maintenance, and help\u2010seeking attitudes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review was conducted to summarize the existing evidence base regarding cross\u2010cultural differences in hallucinatory and delusional prevalence, explanatory models, and help\u2010seeking attitudes in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) and Non\u2010FEP Schizophrenia samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion. In terms of positive symptom specificity, cross\u2010cultural differences were found. Specifically, auditory and visual hallucinations occurred most frequently in African patients, persecutory and grandiose delusions occurred at higher rates in African, Pakistani, and Latino patients, while delusions of reference were most prevalent in White\u2010British groups. Three explanatory models were identified. Westerners tended to endorse a bio\u2010psychosocial explanation, which was associated with increased help\u2010seeking, engagement, and positive medication attitudes. Asian, Latino, Polish, and M\u0101ori patients endorsed religious\u2010spiritual explanatory models, while African patients opted for a bewitchment model. The religious\u2010spiritual and bewitchment models were associated with a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and poorer engagement with mental health services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the important influence of culture in the formation and maintenance of positive symptoms of psychosis, engagement, and help\u2010seeking attitudes across different ethnic groups. The incorporation of cultural beliefs in formulation development could facilitate enriched CBTp practices and improved engagement amongst different cultural groups with Early Intervention Services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1689574991000},"page":"843-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The role of culture on the phenomenology of hallucinations and delusions, explanatory models, and help\u2010seeking attitudes: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mawada","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Brent Early Intervention Service CNWL, NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Evangeli\u2010Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Brent Early Intervention Service CNWL, NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9781-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Georgiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Brent Early Intervention Service CNWL, NHS Foundation Trust  London 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