{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:50:36Z","timestamp":1792504236923,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Intervention Psych"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bipolar disorders (BD) are among the most significantly impairing of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Although BD symptoms may begin in adolescence, they are frequently not diagnosed until adulthood, and accordingly BD scales could aid diagnostic assessment in paediatric populations. This review aims to synthesis the evidence for the accuracy of BD symptom index tests for discriminating BD from non\u2010BD (other diagnoses or healthy controls) in paediatric population. Additionally, several theoretically relevant moderators of diagnostic accuracy were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search across three databases were conducted from 1980 to 2022, augmented by grey literature database searches, citation chaining and contacting authors. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using meta\u2010analysis. A multilevel model was fitted to account for nested effect sizes, with 31 potential moderators examined in univariate and multivariate models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010Eight studies were eligible, yielding 115 effect sizes for analysis. Meta\u2010analytic modelling indicated BD symptom index tests have a high diagnostic accuracy (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.300; 95% CI: 0.982\u2009\u2212\u20091.619; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in paediatric population. Accuracy was relative to the type of comparison group, index test content, index test informant and index test's scale or subscale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Screening tests based on mania content, caregiver report and non\u2010healthy comparison groups have clinical utility in identifying paediatric BD. Other informant\u2010and\u2010content combination may not accurately identify paediatric BD. Unlike healthy controls, tests derived from studies using non\u2010healthy comparison groups, represent BD symptom non\u2010specificity and BD symptom overlap with other disorders, providing external validity and clinical utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:29:46Z","timestamp":1722904186000},"page":"669-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Discriminant diagnostic validity of paediatric bipolar disorder screening tests: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0430-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Alca\u00edno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh  Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8056-9907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aigli","family":"Raouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh  Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0429-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdullah","family":"Tun\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh  Scotland UK"},{"name":"Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0618-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus","family":"MacBeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh  Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7300-8252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh  Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Youngstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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