{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:00:37Z","timestamp":1791475237844,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Early Intervention Psych"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Making available a sound tool to screen for delusion experiences at a nonclinical level in Arabic\u2010speaking contexts could enable the timely detection of at\u2010risk individuals, advance understanding of the phenotypic expression of delusions and provide new insights into the relationship of delusion experiences with different psychopathological indicators at a subclinical level. The purpose of this study was to validate the 21\u2010item Peters et\u00a0al. Delusions Inventory (PDI\u201021) in the Arabic language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted during the period from August 2025 to January 2026. The sample consisted of 706 community adults aged 18\u201335\u2009years. To obtain the Arabic version of the PDI\u201021, the scale underwent a rigorous translation process using the standard Backward\u2010Forward method and following the international guidelines. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the scale. Reliability, convergent validity and measurement invariance across gender were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence rates of self\u2010reported delusion experiences in our sample ranged from 10% to 79%. Seven items showed an endorsement rate above 40%. The single\u2010dimension structure had an overall acceptable fit with the data, with strong support from the CFI, TLI and RMSEA despite a slightly elevated SRMR and moderate average variance extracted (AVE) values. Loadings on the one factor ranged from 0.37 to 0.78. The total score exhibited excellent internal consistency reliability, as reflected by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Measurement invariance was established across sex. Convergent validity was achieved by observing a moderate\u2010to\u2010strong positive correlation between PDI\u201021 scores and psychotic experiences frequency score. In addition, concurrent validity was supported by showing that individuals who endorsed greater delusion experiences had higher psychological distress, greater stress levels and more childhood trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provided evidence for satisfactory reliability and validity for the single\u2010dimension PDI\u201021 in its Arabic version. The scale can now be used by professionals working with Tunisian and other Arabic\u2010speaking populations as a robust and accurate tool for assessing delusional beliefs among community adults, with future cross\u2010national studies being needed to further establish its generalizability across diverse Arabic\u2010speaking contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.70260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:36:52Z","timestamp":1789979812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Arabic 21\u2010Item Peters et\u00a0al. Delusions Inventory (\n                    <scp>PDI<\/scp>\n                    \u201021): Prevalence, Factor Structure, Reliability, Validity and Measurement Invariance in Young Nonclinical Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feten","family":"Fekih\u2010Romdhane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d Razi Hospital  Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Kheir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Zarrougui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Ghrissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d Razi Hospital  Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahar","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department Lebanese American University  Jbeil Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majda","family":"Cheour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d Razi Hospital  Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souheil","family":"Hallit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik  Jounieh Lebanon"},{"name":"Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912775"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719003106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203807644"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53048\/johass.1369343"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034\u2010022\u201000533\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201016622\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-023-01048-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010022\u201002403\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-019-00542-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bja.2020.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"Grbic S.2013.\u201cA Systematic Literature Review of the Role of Self\u2010Esteem in Persecutory and Grandiose Delusions and a Grounded Theory Exploration of Grandiose Beliefs.\u201dhttps:\/\/etheses.whiterose.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/4719\/1\/ethesis.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"Haddock G. 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